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20 Liu and Jin 2019), and measurements of nocturnal airglow emissions (Pilger et al. 2012), measurements of variations of the slant total electron content (TEC) using signals from GPS satellites (Choosakul et al. Most of the available experimental data on acoustic resonances originates from ionosphere sounding with ground-based HF radars (Jones and Georges 1976 Bedard 1978 Tahira 1995 Ogawa et al. 2013) provide a direct proof that on Earth the atmospheric oscillations in acoustic resonances extend from the ground to the upper atmosphere. Simultaneous post-earthquake observations of sharp peaks in the frequency dependence of barometric signals on the ground and magnetic signals due to field-aligned currents in the ionosphere (Iyemori et al. Theoretical considerations and observational evidence indicate that acoustic resonances are also present in the solar atmosphere (Taroyan and Erdélyi 2008 Yuan et al. In addition to transient responses of the atmosphere to an impulsive excitation, acoustic resonances are prominent in long-term averages of the seismic noise spectrum (Nishida 2014).
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Although the resonances are referred to as acoustic resonances, buoyancy effects are not negligible at such frequencies (Gossard and Hooke 1975 Jones and Georges 1976 Godin 2015). The resonances are manifested as narrow frequency bands of greatly amplified oscillations and have periods of 3–5 min. 2016), turbulence in mountain regions (Bedard 1978), and severe meteorological events such as convective storms (Chimonas and Peltier 1974 Jones and Georges 1976 Pilger et al. 1994 Tahira 1995 Zürn and Widmer 1996 Watada and Kanamori 2010 Aoyama et al. 2012 Cahyadi and Heki 20), volcanic eruptions (Widmer and Zürn 1992 Kanamori et al. The resonances correspond to most efficient coupling between the atmosphere and its lower boundary and are promising for detection of such coupling.Ītmosphere is known to respond in a resonant way to broad-band excitation associated with earthquakes (Shinagawa et al. Unlike acoustic resonances, buoyancy resonances exhibit high sensitivity to the wind velocity profile and its variations. Acoustic resonances are found to be sensitive to the temperature profile, especially around mesopause and tropopause, and are predicted to be a seasonal phenomenon in polar atmosphere. Buoyancy of the atmosphere is important for the resonances of both kinds.
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The acoustic and buoyancy resonances occur, respectively, on the acoustic and gravity branches of the dispersion curve of acoustic-gravity waves. It is found that “buoyancy” resonances with periods up to several hours arise in addition to “acoustic” resonances with periods of about 3–5 min. Using asymptotic and numerical models of atmospheric waves, this paper investigates atmospheric resonances and their excitation by seismic waves and infragravity waves in the ocean.
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The resonances occur at such frequencies that an atmospheric wave, which is radiated at the ground level and is reflected from a turning point in the middle or upper atmosphere, upon return to the ground level satisfies boundary conditions on the ground. We also have several other related Yamaha Outboard Technical Articles that address the topic of proper Yamaha Outboard Motor identification.Observations of the ionosphere with the airglow, GPS-TEC, and HF radar techniques reveal a resonant response of the middle and upper atmosphere to broad-band excitation by earthquakes, volcano eruptions, and convective storms.
Waves 9 serial numer serial number#
However, this technical article illustrates the difference between the serial number and model as well as showing the location where you can find these. The easiest way with Yamaha Outboard Motor’s due to the fact that model records have changed over the years, which makes older outboard motors to be difficult to properly identify. When shopping Online to Lookup and Buy Yamaha Outboard Parts and/or accessories from our Yamaha OEM Online Parts Catalog it’s important to properly identify the exact model you are dealing with when searching the applicable Online Model Diagram. Yamaha Outboard Motor MODEL, PRE-FIX and SERIAL NUMBER’S are stamped on a metal plate which is mounted on the transom clamp bracket located at the rear of the boat.